Solar energy is the power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun’s rays. This energy can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) panels or used to heat water and spaces through solar thermal systems.

Solar panels work by converting sunlight into electricity. They contain photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor materials like silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it knocks electrons loose, creating an electric current.

Solar energy is renewable, abundant, and environmentally friendly. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions, decreases reliance on fossil fuels, and can lower electricity bills. Additionally, it creates jobs and promotes energy independence.

While solar energy has many benefits, it also has challenges. These include intermittency (solar power is not generated at night or during cloudy weather) and the need for efficient energy storage solutions. Initial installation costs can also be high, although they are decreasing over time.

Solar energy can be used in most locations, but its efficiency depends on the amount of sunlight received. Areas with high solar insolation (sunlight exposure) are ideal. However, even in less sunny regions, solar panels can still generate significant energy, especially with advancements in technology.